SVL-Day+4

__Roots:

__1. Clud: shut > **Example**: [|preclude]: v. to hinder, to make impossible > **Sentence**: My broken leg __precluded__ me from playing basketball well.

2. Tude: state of > **Example**: [|lassitude]: n. weariness; state of being limp > **Sentence**: Television fills me with such __lassitude__ that I only watch it nowadays when I'm having touble falling asleep.

3. Man: hand > **Example**: [|manifest]: adj. obvious; apparent > **Sentence**: My apptitude for basketball became __manifest__ as I slam-dunked the ball several times despite my broken leg.

4. Fide: faith > **Example**: [|confidant]: n. a person to whom secrets are told. > **Sentence**: My wife, who is my __confidant__, is someone I can tell all my thoughts and feelings to.

5. Gnosi: know > **Example**: [|cognizance]: n. awareness > **Sentence**: A ninja always maintains __cognizance__, remaining totally aware of his surroundings at all times.

__Literary Terms:

__6. Irony: A contrast or an incongruity between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually does happen. Two kinds of irony are: 1) verbal irony, in which a writer or speaker says one thing and means something entirely different; and 2) dramatic irony in which a reader or audience member perceives something that a character in the story does not

7. Understatement: Expressing an idea with less emphasis or in a lesser degree than is the actual case. The opposite of hyperbole. Understatement is employed for ironic emphasis. > Example: Last week I saw a woman flay'd, and you will hardly believe how much it altered her person for the worse. --Swift 8. Hyperbole: exaggeration or overstatement. > Example: I'm so hungry I could eat a horse. He's as big as a house"

9. Juxtaposition: The arrangement of two or more ideas, characters, actions, settings, phrases, or words side-by-side or in similar narrative moments for the purpose of comparison, contrast, rhetorical effect, suspense, or character development. > Example: Romeo and Tybalt share many of the same qualities but Shakespeare pairs them in order to highlight their contrasting characterisitcs.

10. Tone: The writer's attitude toward his readers and his subject; his mood or moral view. A writer can be formal, informal, playful, ironic, and especially, optimistic or pessimistic.